Equipment of Individual Nutrients, Agencies out of Food Research and you may Individual Diet, Agricultural College away from Athens, 75 Iera Odos St., Athens 11855, Greece; E-Mails: (O.M.); (V.B.); (An excellent.Z.)
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Abstract
All drinks hydrate and most also provide nutrients and energy. Our objective was to evaluate the contribution of drinks to total energy intake in summer and winter. Data were obtained using the Water Balance Questionnaire (WBQ) from a sample of the general population in Athens, Greece (n = 984), 473 individuals (42 ± 18 years) in summer and 511 individuals (38 ± 20 years) in winter stratified by sex and age. The WBQ embeds a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire of 58 foods and the Short International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Data were analyzed for the contribution of Daye female drinks to total energy intake. In winter, total energy intake was 2082 ± 892 kcal/day; energy intake from drinks was 479 ± 286 kcal/day and energy expenditure 1860 ± 390 kcal/day. In summer, total energy intake was 1890 ± 894 kcal/day, energy intake from drinks 492 ± 499 kcal/day and energy expenditure 1830 ± 491 kcal/day. Energy intake from drinks in summer was higher than in winter (p < 0.001)> Keywords: water balance questionnaire WBQ, winter, summer, hydration, sugar-sweetened drinks, drink
1. Addition
Beverages regarding types of teas, coffees, milk products, juice, sodas, diet plan drinks, energy drinks and you may alcohol appear in a massive and you may broadening level of choices. Diversity touches preferences tastes, nutritional standards, and lifetime demands, and if numerous products appear, it is expected to visited euhydration .
Beverages contribute approximately twenty-five%–50% of water intake [dos,step three,4], thus he’s essential appointment every day liquid needs and having euhydration. Moisture has been from the maintenance of normal bodily and you can cognitive characteristics .
However, it has been debated you to definitely beverages contribute somewhat on the expanding being obese costs globally [six,7], mainly because of their energy posts [8,nine,10]. In certain training, Sugar Sweetened Products (SSB) application could have been of the gaining weight in children and you may adults , when you find yourself evidence one decreasing SSBs will reduce the chance of obesity and you can relevant disease including diabetes might have been viewed because the compelling . Opportunity consumption regarding drinks has increased significantly for the past forty many years of the everything 222 fat for every people every single day .
Nonetheless, products regarding the individuals classes do not contribute equally so you’re able to times consumption . The energy content of your drink along with consumption patterns may suggest or even, i.age., particular caloric beverages are ate hardly for this reason adding little or no so you’re able to each and every day time intake. This has been debated you to replacement sweetened caloric beverages which have drinking water will help clean out total time consumption into the heavy customers . Nonetheless, consumption of sweetened caloric beverages is actually an elaborate thing which can be regarded beyond the caloric contribution plus new context of slimming down activities .
More over, on top of that so you can eating consumption, some points instance seasonality, physical activity levels and sex may affect the brand new variety inside the take in alternatives and contribution in order to overall energy consumption. Such things have not been fully investigated; further degree in this field will elucidate the modern case of times consumption of losing weight present and out-of products particularly.
Inside an earlier analysis presented from inside the Greece, utilising the H2o Harmony Questionnaire (WBQ) device, i found that into the 984 people, 24% from intake of water arises from drinks . There can be an unequivocal must next involved on these conclusions, elucidating the fresh new share out of beverages to help you complete energy consumption and you may balance.
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